In April 2018, the European Parliament adopted the European Commission’s fifth Anti-Money Laundering Directive, increasing the level of scrutiny that companies, organisations and individuals will face from regulators.

In the management of highly complex systems, very often the greatest threat is posed by humans. It is true for cyber security and it is also true for subsidiary governance.

2018 has proven a busy year for regulators and corporate compliance teams alike, providing an opportune moment for us to send out our Citco GSGS Newsletter.

One of the most persistent narratives since the global financial crisis has been the sheer volume of new regulation introduced across the globe. For example, there was a 492% increase in global regulatory requirements between 2008 and 2015, according to one estimate.